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Turbocharger is usually used in Diesel based vehicles. Turbocharger is a component which makes the exhaust air/gases of an engine as its inlet air. Here is its working:
There are 2 wheels in a Turbocharger, one is Turbine Wheel and the second one is Compressor Wheel (both looks same) and is connected to one another by a shaft. Both of these wheels are covered by casing namely Turbine Casing and Compressor Casing. It also has Inlet and Outlet Ports.
When the air-fuel mixture is burned in the engine, the exhaust gases are sent to Turbocharger from the Turbine opening which is Inlet port of it and the gases run the turbine and because compressor is also on the same shaft it starts rotating and it has opened on the casing from where the atmospheric gases come into the casing and then compressed by Compressor.
The port on compressor side is exhaust port of turbocharger and is connected to the inlet valve of the engine. From the exhaust port of T.C, the compressed/ pressurized gases go into the engine.
The cycle is further repeated till the engine is in ON condition.
A turbocharger is a device used to boost the pressure of air and send it to the inlet of the engine cylinder. This is useful when the pressure of the air around the automobile is lesser than required, for example at high altitudes.
A simple turbocharger consists of a centrifugal compressor, a gas turbine in addition to the existing engine and exhaust apparatus.
Let's begin at the exhaust of the engine. The exhaust gases formed in the cylinder is directed to the gas turbine along the exhaust manifold through a nozzle assembly. After passing through the nozzles these gases enter the blades of the gas turbine radially. On impacting the blades of the turbine, these gases rotate the blades and cause the turbine to do mechanical work. Then they exit the turbine radially and pass on to the silencer. The wheel of the gas turbine and impeller of the compressor are mounted on a common shaft. Hence as the exhaust gases rotate the turbine blades, the impeller also rotates. This rotation of the impellor admits air (in diesel engines) or air-fuel mixture (in carburetor petrol engine) axially, pressures it and exits the compressor radially at a higher pressure before entering the cylinder.
The main advantage of this method is that the fuel economy of the engine is improved greatly. What's more interesting is that kinetic energy of the exhaust is used to do this and there is no need to supply extra energy for this process.
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